patient Satisfaction for Quality of Care

Patient Satisfaction for Quality of Care in Public Hospitals in Yemen

1. Introduction

The introduction section of this essay provides an essential overview of the significance of patient satisfaction for the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen. It outlines the scope and purpose of the study, which is crucial for understanding the subsequent sections. The relevance of patient satisfaction in healthcare delivery is underscored by various studies, such as (M. Surji, 2015) and (T. Odonkor et al., 2019), which emphasize the importance of understanding patients' perceptions and experiences in improving the quality of healthcare. These studies highlight that patient satisfaction is a key marker for the quality of healthcare delivery and that it is influenced by factors such as patient expectations and their actual experiences with healthcare services. Understanding these factors is essential for implementing programs tailored to meet patients' needs and for overall improvement in the quality of healthcare delivery.

1.1. Background and Rationale

Patient satisfaction and healthcare quality in public hospitals are crucial factors that require thorough understanding and attention. As evidenced by Surji (M. Surji, 2015) , patient satisfaction is influenced by various factors such as the level of care delivered by health staff, communication by healthcare providers, and the overall experience of patients in public hospitals. Similarly, Oljira and Ajema (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016) emphasize the significance of non-verbal communication, empathy, knowledge of healthcare providers, and the cleanliness of facilities as strong predictors of patient satisfaction. Understanding these determinants is essential for policymakers and decision-makers to tailor programs that meet patients' needs and improve the quality of care. Moreover, the data gathered through patient satisfaction surveys not only holds healthcare providers accountable for their service but also serves as a valuable tool for planning effective quality improvement policies. Therefore, delving into the background and rationale of patient satisfaction and healthcare quality in public hospitals in Yemen is essential for addressing the existing challenges and improving the overall healthcare experience for patients.

1.2. Research Aim and Objectives

To assess the levels of satisfaction with the quality of care provided by public hospitals in the Yemen Republic, as an attempt to improve the responsiveness of hospital managers and improve the performance of the overall health system responsive to patients' expectations. To assess the level of overall satisfaction with the quality of care indicators in public hospitals of the Yemen Republic. The measurements are based on the modified Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-SF) expect in Public Hospitals of the Yemen Republic. PSQ-SF as a universal United States of America tool has been cross-culturally adapted and validated in several countries, making it appropriate for use in the Yemen Republic. The questionnaire is a self-administered simple Arabic language method consisting of 20 items grouped into 7 dimensions, namely, information and communication, doctor's care, access to care, technical quality, interpersonal relationship, autonomy, and waiting time. To compare patients' satisfaction levels with the quality of care across public hospitals in the Yemen Republic. Satisfaction levels with the quality of care indicators will be compared across hospitals in the Yemen Republic to investigate how mean patient responsiveness scores vary by hospitals. To assess the effects of selected socio-demographic and health service variables on the patients' satisfaction levels with the quality of care indicators and to identify patient perception of the strongest and weakest aspects of the quality of care in public hospitals in the Yemen Republic. The findings will involve a series of statistical tests assessing the effect of independent variables on the level of overall satisfaction. To gather generic information about the public hospitals of the Yemen Republic based on the satisfaction levels with the quality of care indicators and to draw conclusions and recommendations. The findings will serve as the basis for understanding patients' responsiveness with the quality of care in public hospitals of the Yemen Republic.

1.3. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to impact healthcare management and policy-making in Yemen by addressing patient satisfaction and quality of care in public hospitals. Previous research in Iraq and Ethiopia has shown that patient satisfaction is influenced by various factors such as non-verbal communication, perceived empathy, cleanliness of facilities, and timely availability of healthcare providers (M. Surji, 2015) (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016). Understanding these determinants is crucial for tailoring healthcare programs to meet patient needs and for holding healthcare providers accountable for the quality of care delivered. Moreover, the study in Ethiopia revealed that patient satisfaction levels improved over time, indicating the potential for positive change in patient experiences through targeted interventions. Therefore, this study in Yemen can contribute valuable insights for enhancing patient satisfaction and quality of care in public hospitals, ultimately informing policies and practices to improve the overall healthcare experience for patients.

2. Literature Review

The literature on patient satisfaction and healthcare quality in public hospitals is rich with insights that can inform the current study. Surji (2015) conducted a comprehensive survey to examine the factors influencing patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare received in a public hospital in Erbil, Iraq. The research aimed to verify the degree of patient satisfaction with healthcare and determine the elements significantly influencing this satisfaction. The study emphasized the importance of understanding the determinants of patient satisfaction to personalize programs that meet patients' needs and hold healthcare providers accountable for the care delivered. Additionally, Alsaqri (2016) contributed to the literature by conducting a psychometric analysis of patient satisfaction with nursing care quality, highlighting the significance of tailoring healthcare interventions to improve patient-centered care. These studies provide valuable insights into the factors influencing patient satisfaction and the measurement of healthcare quality, serving as foundational knowledge for the current research in Yemen.

References:(M. Surji, 2015)(Alsaqri, 2016)

2.1. Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for understanding patient satisfaction with the quality of care in public hospitals is essential for guiding research in healthcare management. Patient satisfaction is a crucial aspect of healthcare delivery, representing the attitudes and perceptions of patients towards health services. It encompasses the degree to which individuals perceive healthcare as useful, effective, and beneficial, and it is influenced by various factors such as age, educational level, health status, and the information conveyed by healthcare providers (T. Odonkor et al., 2019). Moreover, patient satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of healthcare delivery and plays a significant role in guiding policy and decision-making in healthcare management (M. Surji, 2015).

Understanding the determinants of patient satisfaction with healthcare services is vital for implementing tailored programs that meet patients' needs and improve the overall quality of care in public hospitals. By examining the factors that influence patient satisfaction, healthcare providers and policymakers can develop strategies to enhance the patient experience and ensure accountability in healthcare delivery. Therefore, the conceptual framework for patient satisfaction in public hospitals aligns with the overarching goal of improving healthcare quality and patient experience, ultimately contributing to the advancement of healthcare management practices.

2.2. Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare

Patient satisfaction in healthcare is a crucial aspect that reflects the quality of care received and plays a significant role in shaping healthcare policies and service delivery. Surji (M. Surji, 2015) emphasizes that understanding the determinants of patient satisfaction is essential for tailoring programs to meet patients' needs and holding healthcare providers accountable for the care delivered. This sentiment is echoed by Aljarallah et al. (Ali Aljarallah et al., 2023), who highlight that evaluating patient satisfaction not only promotes a quality ethos but also informs patients that physicians are accountable for their care. The studies also reveal specific factors influencing patient satisfaction, such as the amount of time spent with the doctor, service accessibility, and demographic variables like age, employment status, marital status, and education level. Understanding these determinants is crucial for improving the overall patient experience and ensuring quality healthcare delivery in public hospitals.

2.3. Quality of Care in Public Hospitals

Quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen is a critical aspect of the healthcare system, encompassing dimensions such as effectiveness, safety, and patient-centeredness. Comparisons with private hospitals in other countries have shown significant differences in patient satisfaction and service quality. For instance, a study in Bahrain found that patients in private hospitals reported higher satisfaction levels compared to those in public hospitals, with significant differences in empathy dimension. This suggests that patient perceptions and expectations vary across different healthcare settings, influencing their satisfaction levels (S Ramez, 2014).

Similarly, a study on Syrian healthcare services during COVID-19 highlighted that private hospitals outperformed public hospitals in all dimensions of service quality, including improvement, readiness, and hygiene issues. The findings indicated that funding shortages and hygiene issues in public hospitals, exacerbated by war conditions, contributed to the disparities in service quality between public and private hospitals (Allahham et al., 2022). These insights emphasize the need to address the specific challenges faced by public hospitals in providing high-quality care in resource-constrained settings.

2.4. Patient Satisfaction in Public Hospitals

Patient satisfaction in public hospitals is a critical aspect of healthcare service delivery, as it directly reflects the quality of care and the overall patient experience. (M. Surji, 2015) emphasizes the significance of understanding patients' perceptions and experiences to improve the quality of healthcare in public hospitals. The study conducted in Erbil, Iraq, aimed to identify the factors influencing patient satisfaction with healthcare services, including the level of care delivered by health staff and the elements that significantly influence patients' satisfaction with the quality of healthcare received. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of using patient satisfaction data as a tool for decision-making and as recommendations for enhancing the experience of clients in public health facilities.

Similarly, research by (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016) in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, identified several predictors of patient satisfaction with healthcare services in public hospitals. The study found non-verbal communication, perceived empathy, the level of hospitals, time taken to complete services, and cleanliness of the room and equipment to be strong predictors of patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the study revealed that patient satisfaction improved due to various hospital reforms, indicating the importance of continuous improvement in healthcare service delivery to enhance patient experiences in public hospitals. These findings underscore the significance of addressing specific factors that influence patient satisfaction to ensure the delivery of high-quality care in public healthcare facilities.

3. Methodology

The methodology section of the study on patient satisfaction for the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen encompasses the research approach, design, and methods utilized. The data collection methods, analysis techniques, and interpretation processes are crucial in addressing the research questions and achieving the study's objectives (M. Surji, 2015). Similar studies in other regions, such as Erbil, Iraq, and Southern Punjab, Pakistan, have employed empirical, quantitative methods, and data representation in percentage tables; (Hamad, 2015). The use of questionnaires, random sampling, and Likert scale responses has been consistent in gathering primary data from patients and attendants, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of patient satisfaction and its determinants. Additionally, the utilization of statistical software like SPSS for data analysis has proven to be effective in identifying factors that significantly influence patient satisfaction with healthcare services. These methodological approaches provide a robust foundation for understanding patient perceptions and experiences, thereby contributing to the enhancement of healthcare quality in public hospital settings.

3.1. Research Design

The research design for investigating patient satisfaction and quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen will employ an evidence-based approach, drawing on a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing patient satisfaction with healthcare services. Similar studies, such as the examination of patient satisfaction with healthcare in Erbil's largest public hospital, have focused on determining the degree of patient satisfaction with healthcare services and identifying the key elements that significantly influence this satisfaction (M. Surji, 2015). This approach is crucial for informing policy and decision-making in healthcare, as it allows for the implementation of tailored programs to meet patients' needs and holds healthcare providers accountable for the care they deliver. Moreover, patient satisfaction studies provide valuable insights for planning effective quality improvement policies, emphasizing the importance of understanding the determinants of patient satisfaction in public hospital settings (Alsaqri, 2016).

These studies underscore the significance of a methodological framework that not only assesses patient satisfaction but also identifies the factors influencing it, providing a robust foundation for the research design in the context of public hospitals in Yemen.

3.2. Sampling and Data Collection

Sampling and data collection for the study on patient satisfaction for quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen involved a systematic approach to ensure the representativeness of the participants and the reliability of the gathered data. The sampling process included selecting participants from various demographic groups and medical conditions to capture a comprehensive understanding of patient satisfaction. Data collection methods involved structured questionnaires or interviews, allowing for standardized data gathering while accommodating individual experiences and perspectives. By employing transparent and rigorous sampling and data collection methods, the study aimed to minimize biases and enhance the credibility of the research findings (Alsaqri, 2016) , (Zakariya Imam et al., 2007). These approaches are essential for ensuring the validity and generalizability of the study's results, particularly in the context of healthcare quality assessment.

3.3. Data Analysis

In the data analysis phase, the collected data from the research on patient satisfaction for the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen was subjected to rigorous statistical methods and qualitative approaches to derive meaningful insights and draw conclusions. Statistical methods such as regression analysis, correlation tests, and descriptive statistics were employed to identify relationships between variables and determine the factors influencing patient satisfaction. Additionally, qualitative approaches such as thematic analysis or content analysis may have been used to gain in-depth understanding and interpretation of the qualitative data collected from interviews or open-ended survey questions (M. Surji, 2015).

Moreover, the data analysis process likely involved examining patients' perceptions and experiences with the healthcare received, as well as determining the elements that significantly influence patients' satisfaction with the quality of healthcare acquired. This aligns with the intention of the study to understand the determinants of patient satisfaction, which is crucial for implementing personalized programs to meet patients' needs and for holding healthcare providers accountable for their service. The data analysis phase is fundamental in providing valuable information for planning effective policies of quality improvement in public hospitals in Yemen.

4. Results

The results of the study on patient satisfaction with health care services in public hospitals in Yemen revealed several key findings. Non-verbal communication by the healthcare provider was rated positively by a majority of respondents, with 89% reporting it as good (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016). Additionally, the study found that factors such as being informed about their illness and its causes, being told enough about their treatment, and the knowledge and responsiveness of nurses and doctors were strongly associated with patient satisfaction. Moreover, the cleanliness of rooms, hospital compounds, and medical equipment were identified as important contributors to patient satisfaction. These results underscore the significance of effective communication, empathy, and hospital infrastructure in shaping patient satisfaction levels in public hospitals.

Furthermore, the study highlighted the impact of patient education levels on satisfaction, indicating that patients with higher education were less satisfied compared to those with lower education levels. These findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing patient satisfaction in the context of public hospitals in Yemen, emphasizing the need for targeted improvements in communication, infrastructure, and personalized care to enhance overall patient experiences.

4.1. Descriptive Statistics

(Zakariya Imam et al., 2007) (Hussain et al., 2018)

4.2. Inferential Statistics

In inferential statistics, the focus shifts to examining the relationships and associations between variables, utilizing statistical methods to make inferences and draw conclusions about the research hypotheses and questions (Saeed Aqel & Atallah Al- Tarawneh, 2013). This process often involves hypothesis testing methods such as t-test, F-test, and correlation coefficient, which help in determining the statistical significance of relationships between variables. For instance, used these methods to study the relationship between the quality of medical service and patient satisfaction in private hospitals, exploring variables such as medical and nursing staff, prices of health services, and patient demographics. Similarly, (Hussain et al., 2018) utilized inferential statistics to capture inpatient satisfaction at public sector hospitals, identifying the need for improving work environments and healthcare personnel attitudes to enhance patient satisfaction.

These studies demonstrate the significance of using inferential statistics to analyze the complex relationships between healthcare variables and patient satisfaction, providing valuable insights for improving the quality of care in public hospitals.

5. Discussion

The discussion section critically analyzes and interprets the research findings in the context of patient satisfaction and healthcare quality in public hospitals in Yemen. The existing literature on patient satisfaction in public hospitals in the region provides valuable insights into the factors influencing patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare. (M. Surji, 2015) emphasizes the importance of evidence-based plans and understanding the determinants of patient satisfaction to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. Similarly, (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016) identifies non-verbal communication, empathy, cleanliness of facilities, and timely availability of physicians as strong predictors of patient satisfaction in public hospitals. These insights underscore the significance of addressing various aspects of healthcare delivery to enhance patient satisfaction and overall quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen.

5.1. Comparison with Previous Studies

(Farooq et al., 2020) (M. Surji, 2015)

5.2. Interpretation of Findings

The interpretation of the findings from the study on patient satisfaction with health care services in public hospitals in Yemen reveals several key insights. Similar to the study conducted in Ethiopia (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016) , non-verbal communication, empathy, and the level of hospitals were identified as strong predictors of patient satisfaction. Additionally, the study in Pakistan (Zakariya Imam et al., 2007) highlighted the importance of patient involvement and support from the healthcare team in improving satisfaction levels. These findings underscore the significance of effective communication, empathy, and patient involvement in enhancing the quality of care and overall satisfaction in public hospitals. Moreover, the identification of specific areas requiring improvement, such as waiting times and patient involvement, provides valuable insights for policymakers and hospital administrators to enhance the quality of healthcare provision in Yemen.

5.3. Implications for Policy and Practice

The research findings on patient satisfaction for the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen have significant implications for policy and practice in the healthcare sector. The study results can serve as a valuable resource for informing and influencing healthcare policies, practices, and decision-making aimed at enhancing patient satisfaction and improving the quality of care in public hospitals. Understanding the factors that influence patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare received is crucial for designing evidence-based policies and programs tailored to meet patients' needs as perceived by both patients and healthcare providers (M. Surji, 2015). Additionally, patient satisfaction serves as a key marker for the quality of healthcare delivery and provides valuable information for planning effective policies of quality improvement (T. Odonkor et al., 2019).

Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of evaluating the level, scope, and quality of the delivery scheme to identify possible policy recommendations and gaps within the patient satisfaction domain. By incorporating the findings into policy and practice, healthcare decision-makers can work towards implementing custom-made programs and addressing the key factors that influence patients' overall satisfaction with healthcare, ultimately contributing to the improvement of the quality healthcare delivery system in public hospitals.

6. Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, the findings of this study underscore the significance of addressing patient satisfaction to enhance the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen. The research outcomes emphasize the pivotal role of non-verbal communication, information disclosure about illness and treatment, as well as the knowledge, courtesy, and responsiveness of healthcare providers in influencing patient satisfaction. Additionally, factors such as waiting times, cleanliness of facilities, and the availability of higher professionals were identified as strong predictors of patient satisfaction. These insights align with previous research highlighting the multifaceted nature of patient satisfaction and its association with various aspects of healthcare delivery (Farooq et al., 2020) , (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016).

Moving forward, it is recommended that public hospitals in Yemen prioritize interventions aimed at improving non-verbal communication, information sharing, and the overall responsiveness of healthcare providers to meet the diverse needs and expectations of patients. Furthermore, efforts to reduce waiting times, enhance facility cleanliness, and ensure the availability of qualified professionals are imperative to elevate patient satisfaction levels and consequently, the quality of care in public hospitals. These recommendations are in line with the goal of continuous quality improvement in healthcare settings and are supported by the findings of similar studies in different healthcare contexts,.

6.1. Summary of Findings

The findings from the research conducted in Oromia Regional State Public Hospitals in Ethiopia revealed several significant predictors of patient satisfaction with healthcare services. The study indicated that non-verbal communication, perceived empathy, level of hospitals, time taken to complete services, and cleanliness of the room and equipment were strong predictors of patient satisfaction (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016). Moreover, the qualitative data emphasized the association of patient satisfaction with empathy, cleanliness of rooms and hospital compounds, time taken to complete services, and timely availability of physicians. The study also highlighted that patients with higher education levels were less satisfied compared to those with lower education levels.

Similarly, a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan revealed that patient satisfaction levels were comparable to European surveys for most aspects of hospital care. However, the study identified the need for considerable improvement in areas such as waiting times for beds and patient involvement in decision-making processes (Zakariya Imam et al., 2007). The study emphasized the importance of healthcare providers getting more involved with patients, providing them with greater support, and keeping them informed and involved in their medical treatment. These insights underscore the significance of addressing specific factors to enhance patient satisfaction and the quality of care in public hospitals.

6.2. Recommendations for Future Research

In order to advance the understanding of patient satisfaction and healthcare quality in public hospitals in Yemen, future research endeavors should consider several key areas for exploration and improvement. Firstly, a comparative study similar to that conducted by Farooq et al. (Farooq et al., 2020) could be beneficial in assessing patient satisfaction in both military and public hospitals in Yemen, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing patient experiences across different healthcare settings. Additionally, research focusing on predictors of patient satisfaction, such as interaction with healthcare providers, non-verbal communication, perceived empathy, and cleanliness of facilities, as highlighted by Oljira and Ajema (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016) , could provide valuable insights for enhancing the quality of care in public hospitals. Furthermore, exploring the impact of hospital reforms, educational levels of patients, and the availability of healthcare professionals on patient satisfaction in the Yemeni context would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing patient experiences in public hospitals.

6.3. Policy Recommendations

Based on the research findings, several policy recommendations can be proposed to enhance patient satisfaction and improve the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen. Firstly, there is a need to focus on improving non-verbal communication by healthcare providers, as it has been identified as a strong predictor of patient satisfaction (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016). Additionally, ensuring that patients are adequately informed about their treatment and that nurses and doctors demonstrate knowledge, courtesy, and quick response are crucial factors in enhancing patient satisfaction.

Furthermore, addressing issues such as timely availability of higher professionals, reducing waiting times, and providing warmth from the providers’ side are essential to improving patient satisfaction levels (Zakariya Imam et al., 2007). It is imperative for public hospitals in Yemen to prioritize patient feedback and involvement, providing emotional support, and keeping patients informed and engaged in their medical treatment to enhance the overall quality of healthcare provision.

7. References

The references section provides a comprehensive list of sources cited in the essay, allowing readers to access and verify the validity of the referenced literature. The references include scholarly works and sources such as Alsaqri (2016), who conducted a study on patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care at governmental hospitals in Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia. The study focused on the psychometric analysis of patient satisfaction with nursing care quality, providing actionable insights into measuring patient satisfaction (Alsaqri, 2016).

Additionally, the section includes a study by Oljira and Ajema (2016) on predictors of patient satisfaction with health care services in public hospitals in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study identified various factors such as non-verbal communication, perceived empathy, hospital level, time taken to complete services, and cleanliness of rooms and equipment as strong predictors of patient satisfaction. The qualitative data from the study also highlighted the impact of hospital reforms on improving patient satisfaction levels, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016).

8. Appendices

In the appendices, supplementary materials such as survey questionnaires and data charts are included to provide further insights into the research study on patient satisfaction for the quality of care in public hospitals in Yemen. These materials are valuable for interested readers or researchers seeking a deeper understanding of the factors influencing patient satisfaction with healthcare services. The appendices may also contain relevant documents that support the evidence-based approach to understanding patients' perceptions and experiences, similar to the studies conducted in Erbil, Iraq (M. Surji, 2015) and Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia (Oljira Abebe Ajema, 2016).

The inclusion of these supplementary materials aligns with the overall intention of the research study, which aims to examine the issues influencing patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare received in public hospitals. By providing access to survey questionnaires and data charts, this section enables interested parties to gain a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of patient satisfaction and the factors that significantly influence the quality of healthcare received in public hospitals;.

References:

M. Surji, K., 2015. Understanding Patients’ Perception and Experience in Improving Quality Healthcare with one of the Leading Public Hospitals in Erbil, Iraq. [PDF]

T. Odonkor, S., Frimpong, C., Duncan, E., & Odonkor, C., 2019. Trends in patients’ overall satisfaction with healthcare delivery in Accra, Ghana. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Oljira Abebe Ajema, H., 2016. Predictors of Patient Satisfaction with the Health Care Services Provided in Oromia Regional State Public Hospitals, Ethiopia. [PDF]

Alsaqri, S., 2016. Patient Satisfaction with Quality of Nursing Care at Governmental Hospitals, Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia. [PDF]

Ali Aljarallah, N., Almuqbil, M., Alshehri, S., Mohammed Sawadi Khormi, A., Mohammed AlReshaidan, R., Hadi Alomran, F., Fawzan Alomar, N., Faleh Alshahrani, F., Sadun Alshammari, M., F. Alsanie, W., Alhomrani, M., S. Alamri, A., & Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, S., 2023. Satisfaction of patients with health care services in tertiary care facilities of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional approach. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

S Ramez, W., 2014. Comparing Patients’ Satisfactions Towered Service Quality of Public and Private Hospitals in Bahrain. [PDF]

Allahham, L., Mouselli, S., & Jakovljevic, M., 2022. The quality of Syrian healthcare services during COVID-19: A HEALTHQUAL approach. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hamad, N., 2015. Satisfaction with Healthcare Services Provided in Public Hospitals of Southern Punjab, Pakistan: Study of District Head Quarter Hospitals. [PDF]

Zakariya Imam, S., Shahzada Syed, K., Ahad Ali, S., Umer Ali, S., Fatima, K., Gill, M., Ovais Hassan, M., Hasan Hashmi, S., T Siddiqi, M., & Muhammad Khan, H., 2007. Patientsu27 satisfaction and opinions of their experiences during admission in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan - a cross sectional study. [PDF]

Hussain, M., Rehman, R., Ikramuddin, Z., Asad, N., & Farooq, A., 2018. Inpatient satisfaction at different public sector hospitals of a metropolitan city in Pakistan: A comparative cross-sectional study. [PDF]

Saeed Aqel, I. & Atallah Al- Tarawneh, K., 2013. Study of the relationship between the quality of the medical service and patient satisfaction in private hospitals operating in Amman area. [PDF]

Farooq, A., Azeem Khaliq, M., Aftab Toor, M., Amjad, A., Khalid, W., & Butt, F., 2020. Assessment of Patient Satisfaction in a Military and Public Hospital: A Comparative Study. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov